5/4/2023 0 Comments October 11 wasteland 3![]() Though many state governments have stepped in to fill the gap left by federal regulations, these programs do not cover a significant number of products and regions, and they have not developed quickly enough to make a significant impact on the waste stream. An e-waste bill, most recently titled the Responsible Electronics Recycling Act (RERA), has been proposed in Congress several times however, it has never passed. Rather, it divides waste into that which is “solid” and that which is “hazardous.” Despite studies asserting that e-waste has toxic characteristics and can lead to environmental contamination, it has not yet been recognized as toxic waste under RCRA. As written, RCRA does not contain a category that encompasses complex electronics. The federal statute covering waste disposal, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), was written in 1976 and could not have predicted the advances in technology or changes in consumer culture that would occur in the next 40 years. environmental laws and regulations are not designed to address the unique issues posed by e-waste. However, loose regulation also presents the problem of not providing equal grounds for bargaining between developed and developing nations, relying on notions of consent when denial may not be a realistic option.Ĭurrent U.S. Similarly, regulations on exports may run afoul of World Trade Organization agreements. Many groups oppose a comprehensive ban on exports on the grounds that it would be paternalistic in nature and restrict developing nations’ decision-making power. waste infrastructure is not prepared to handle.īoth suggested and implemented regulations at international and national levels have been harshly criticized for their impact on national autonomy and free trade, as well as for their failure to address issues of diplomatic pressure. produces such a large proportion of global e-waste, the majority of which is handled abroad, that any changes to the international waste stream could lead to a crisis that the U.S. e-waste is contributing to a phenomenon that is damaging the resources of receiving countries, creating problems in global manufacturing, and prompting receiving countries to attempt to close their borders to e-waste. Until December 2015, Guiyu, China, was known as one of the prime examples of these operations: wires were openly burned to obtain steel and copper, electronic chips were melted in acid to retrieve gold, plastics were recycled through chipping and melting, and leftover materials were openly dumped. Many of these retired products are either dumped in local landfills, where they present a risk of contaminating groundwater, or exported to countries like China, Ghana, and India, where the devices are reused or stripped for valuable materials. Īmericans dispose of tens of millions of mobile devices each year, in addition to computers, peripheral items like keyboards, and other technology that has made its way into our daily lives. ![]() At the same time, American consumers do not know how to dispose of these electronics, and federal laws and regulations have been slow to react to this significant change in the waste stream. By 2014, news outlets were reporting that the number of mobile devices in the world had surpassed the number of people, that more people had access to cell phones than toilets, and that many Americans maintained at least two mobile devices in order to separate their personal and business communications. ![]() ![]() The American population was about 308.7 million at the time. In 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that about 235.6 million mobile devices were sold within the United States. This is not a distant hypothetical scenario it is already happening. As more technology-oriented generations begin to dominate the market and the average lifespan of electronics remains limited, the number of decommissioned devices will rise, leading to unprecedented levels of electronic waste (“e-waste”). When this data is extrapolated to the Millennial population-which is already projected to surpass the Baby Boomers at 81.1 million people -this will translate to billions of mobile devices that are consumed and discarded, in addition to other electronics, like computers, televisions, and tablets. Assuming that this replacement cycle continues, the average Millennial will own at least 30 cell phones within his or her adult lifetime alone. Most will replace their phones within 18 to 24 months, even if the phone is still functional. Nety percent of American adults own at least one cell phone.
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The term road train is used in Australia. ![]() This first example of the modern road train, along with the AEC Government Roadtrain, forms part of the huge collection at the National Road Transport Hall of Fame in Alice Springs, Northern Territory.Ī four-trailer road train in the Australian outback with a Volvo NH15 prime mover Freighter Trailers in Australia viewed this improved invention and went on to build self-tracking trailers for Kurt and other customers, and went on to become innovators in transport machinery for Australia. Both wheel sets on each trailer could steer, and therefore could negotiate the tight and narrow tracks and creek crossings that existed throughout Central Australia in the earlier part of the 20th century. Johannsen's first road train consisted of a United States Army World War II surplus Diamond-T tank carrier, nicknamed "Bertha", and two home-built self-tracking trailers. Two years later his first road train was running. Provided with financing of about 2000 pounds and inspired by the tracking abilities of the Government roadtrain, Johannsen began construction. After transporting stud bulls 200 mi (320 km) to an outback property, Johannsen was challenged to build a truck to carry 100 head of cattle instead of the original load of 20. At 130 hp (97 kW), the AEC was grossly underpowered by today's standards, and drivers and offsiders (a partner or assistant) routinely froze in winter and sweltered in summer due to the truck's open cab design and the position of the engine radiator, with its 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) cooling fan, behind the seats.Īustralian Kurt Johannsen, a bush mechanic, is recognised as the inventor of the modern road train. This truck pulled two or three 6 m (19 ft 8 in) Dyson four-axle self-tracking trailers. In the 1930s/40s, the government of Australia operated an AEC Roadtrain to transport freight and supplies into the Northern Territory, replacing the Afghan camel trains that had been trekking through the deserts since the late 19th century. Four of these vehicles were successfully delivered to Queensland, Australia, before the company ceased production upon the start of World War I. After his death, Daimler, which had acquired the rights, attempted to market it in the United Kingdom. Ī road train devised by Captain Charles Renard of the French Engineering Corps was displayed at the 1903 Paris Salon. Lord Kitchener stated that he had around 45 steam road trains at his disposal. provided armoured road trains for use by the British Armed Forces in the Second Boer War. 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What to Do With Your Local WordPress Installation.How to Set Up WordPress Multisite on XAMPP.Step 2: Run XAMPP and Configure Your Environment.How to Use XAMPP to Set Up a Local WordPress Site (In 3 Steps).Why You Might Need a Local WordPress Site. 5/3/2023 0 Comments Mail communigate pro signup![]() Over 130 million end users including 47 million voice customers rely upon CGS products for their voice and data communication needs. CommuniGate Pro is the worlds most scalable IMS compliant IP Communications application server on the market today providing unique Rich Media applications. ![]() Headquartered in Mill Valley, California, CommuniGate Systems has over 12000 customers worldwide, ranging from the largest Broadband, wireless and wire line service providers, to Enterprises. Since 1991, our company’s mission is to create the most scalable, feature-rich solutions for voice and data Internet Communications based on open standards. 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The town of Senoia, located on the edge of Georgia, is the birthplace of the film industry, which takes place in this state. In addition to the prison set in RSA Studios Atlanta, the Neillsville mall and a stretch of road between Senoia and Atlanta near the Georgia-Alabama line were used to portray the Alexandria Safe-Zone. For more, check out the premiere article on The Walking Dead: World Beyond. a 33 grid, create a crafting table, place it in the world, and right-click it. The events in the winter premiere are a direct result of the Safe Zone story line, which begins this season. Crafting Dead Community Servers Atlanta - Riverside - Somerset - Charland Dead. Both boys are on a mission to find their father, played by Michael Cudlitz. Alex, played by Chandler Riggs, uses a makeshift weapon and guns down a group of scavengers. The Governor, played by former OC star David Morrissey, shot up a building to make it seem like the compound had been attacked. 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Here’s more about how migration evolved.īirds that nest in the Northern Hemisphere tend to migrate northward in the spring to take advantage of burgeoning insect populations, budding plants and an abundance of nesting locations. The two primary resources being sought are food and nesting locations. Why do birds migrate?īirds migrate to move from areas of low or decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources. Of the more than 650 species of North American breeding birds, more than half are migratory. But geese are far from our only migratory birds. But there aren’t as many as there were on that day when they covered the ground, lined the branches of the bushes and trees in the yard and crowded the feeders outside the dining room window.Geese winging their way south in wrinkled V-shaped flocks is perhaps the classic picture of migration-the annual, large-scale movement of birds between their breeding (summer) homes and their nonbreeding (winter) grounds. There are house sparrows on the ground and in the bushes and trees around the feeders. ![]() There are house sparrows on my feeders now, both the feeder outside the dining room window and the feeder outside my study window. There are house sparrows at my bird feeders every day except when the weather is particularly bad, when there is a strong wind and heavy rains or snow. But what if the birds are named sparrow but are not true sparrows, like the birds that made such a spectacle in my yard one unforgettable day? A gathering of sparrows is a host of sparrows according to the terminology of birders. The house sparrow is a bird of a family of a kind of finches that are not found in America, and that introduces another naming conundrum. Its legs and neck are shorter and it looks as if has no neck, that its head is on its shoulders. Look carefully at a house sparrow and another sparrow on your bird feeder and the house sparrow is fatter. It’s slight, but the difference is clear. There’s a visible difference between the house sparrows and American sparrows. In England and Europe, to distinguish between the house sparrow and American sparrows the house sparrow is called an old world sparrow. It’s a bird of a family of finches, not American finches but birds that don’t occur in North America. The house sparrow is not of the same family as sparrows of North America: song sparrow, chipping sparrow, vesper sparrow, white-throated and white-crowned and many more. I didn’t consider the name sparrow but there has been disagreement over that name also. When the Naming Committee of the American Ornithologists Union prescribed house sparrow as the correct name I accepted that and started calling the bird by that name. English sparrow was the name I learned when I was a boy. In the first edition of Roger Rory’s book of A field Guide to the Birds of North America, published in 1934, Roger Rory Peterson listed both names calling it house or English sparrow. When introduced to America the house sparrow was called English sparrow. Now the house sparrow is one of the most common birds of North America. They accepted their new homes readily, raised multiple broods, two, three, four in the spring and summer and spread rapidly across the continent. There were many other introductions in other cities. They were first introduced to America in 1851 in Brooklyn. They’re birds of Great Britain and Europe. House sparrows, though one of the most common birds of North American, are not native. There was a black-capped chickadee, a tufted titmouse and a few goldfinches. There were other birds also, flying in and out to the feeder. I’d seen flocks of house sparrows before but I’d never seen a flock as big as this. I read in Birds of America that house sparrows gather in immense flocks. They lined every branch of the bush near the window. They covered the ground, as numerous as dead leaves in the fall. I looked out the dining room window one morning and was astounded at the sparrows house sparrows. |